Neurochemistry of learning: The role of dopamine in recently-learned behavior versus habits.

Cecile Morvan and her research associates are observing the performance of simple behaviors in rats - e.g., entering a food compartment in response to a tone (an auditory CS). Disruption of brain dopamine activity strongly disrupts the animal's ability to perform these tasks (just as it disrupts behavior in humans). However, when the animal repeats that behavior hundreds of times (i.e., the response becomes a habit), disruption of brain dopamine activity no longer disrupts the behavior.  In some way, the "habit" has become invulnerable to dopamine disruption.  We are pursuing the following questions: What are the neurobiological changes that permit well-learned behaviors to occur when dopamine transmission is compromised?   It is possible that the neural representation of the behavior may shift from dopamine target regions of the brain to regions that are not DA-innervated.  Alternatively, the behavioral representation may remain in the same DA-innervated anatomical site, but (glutamatergic) input signals to the region may become stronger over the course of training, and therefore less dependent upon dopamine facilitation.

Neurochemistry of Learning: Nucleus accumbens coding of reward expectation. Neuropharmacology and electrophysiology.

Veronica Dobrovitsky and her team are testing the hypothesis that dopamine transmission at D1 receptors within the nucleus accumbens sets the threshold for reward expectation (generated by conditioned stimuli associated with varying probabilities of reward delivery) to generate behavioral approach responses. In collaborative studies conducted at Rutgers University, Mark West and his colleagues are testing the complementary hypothesis that the fining rate of individual nucleus accumbens neurons codes for reward expectation magnitude. Together, we predict that a) accumbens neurons code for the magnitude of expected reward (e.g., they respond more strongly to a conditioned stimulus associated with a high likelihood of reward delivery compared to conditioned stimuli associated with lower probability of reward delivery), and b) accumbens D1 transmission sets the threshold for these reward expectations to generate reward-directed approach responses.


Neurochemistry of time perception: Timing behavior during dopamine manipulations     

These experiments are being conducted in collaboration with Dr. Peter Balsam's laboratory at Barnard. Rats have been trained to demonstrate an estimation of elapsed time periods. We are asking how this time estimation is affected by manipulations of dopamine transmission - dopamine receptor blockade and elevations in dopamine activity.


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