Darton, F. J. Harvey. Children’s Books in
England: Five Centuries of Social Life. 3rd ed. (London: British Library,
1999): 252-255.
Darton considers that The Water-Babies and other of Kingsley’s writings
were flawed because of the author’s tendency to preach and to aim at a moral
purpose. However, he also praises Kingsley’s fine imagination and pure
simplicity.
The Water-Babies;
Children
; Didacticism
.
Horsman, Alan. “Elizabeth Gaskell and the
Kingsleys,” in his The Victorian Novel (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990):
256-294.
In his brief examination of Yeast, Alton Locke, Two Years Ago, and
The Water-Babies Horsman praises the clarity, the felicity and
the exactitude of Kingsley's descriptive passages, qualities that make him
"stand out among the minor novelists" (256). However, he also faults
Kingsley for neglecting his novel writing in favor of the pursuit of his
religious and educational aims that led him to take "the short cuts of melodrama
and allegory" (256). Horsman also criticizes the didacticism pervading
Kingsley's novels though he acknowledges that despite its strong didactic
elements The Water-Babies comes closest to a work of the imagination.
Yeast
;
Alton Locke
;
Two Years Ago
;
The Water-Babies
;
Novels
;
Didacticism
.
MacNeice, Louis. Varieties of Parable
(Cambridge: Cambridge at the University Press, 1965).
MacNeice discusses The Water-Babies, “one of the most uneven and ragbaggy
books in the language” (83). Though he enjoys the fantasy and escapism,
he is greatly critical of the digressions about contemporary disputes and
excessive moralizing. While Lewis Carroll also introduces aspects of
contemporary problems into his works, he does not allow them to interfere
with the story. However, Kingsley does, “and in a story which, potentially,
had many of the virtues of a myth it is a very serious fault” (83).
The Water-Babies;
Didacticism
.
Muller, Charles H. “The Christian Didactics and
the Sermons of Charles Kingsley,” Communiqué Vol.
9, No. 1 (1984): 14-44.
In a lengthy article Muller declares that Kingsley the preacher was essentially
a teacher. He examines Kingsley’ style of preaching, his didactic methodology,
and his socio-theological didactics. He declares that Kingsley was
a forceful and emotional preacher, sometimes dynamic and dramatic, but frequently
lacking in incisive intellectual argumentation. When he expounded Scripture
and taught about God, whether he preached to the unsophisticated in Eversley
or to royals at the Chapel Royal or Windsor, he was invariably didactic.
He was consistent in his didactic material: “the statutes of a loving but
just God. God is often revealed as severe and terribly exacting.
But there are times when God is seen as the author of benevolence and mercy”
(33). Muller declares that the didactic purpose of Kingsley’s sermons
is primarily ethical-moral. “It teaches, essentially, that there can
be no change in the social order, no purposeful progress towards the perfect
realization of God’s kingdom on earth, without a spiritual revolution first
taking place within the heart and life of the individual. Freedom from
sin will mean a new spiritual democracy, when men have the strength to resist
sin and choose the right” (39).
Sermons
; Preacher,
Kingsley as
; Didacticism
; Religion
.
Ostry, Elaine. “Magical Growth and Moral Lessons; or, How the
Conduct Book Informed Victorian and Edwardian Children's Fantasy,” Lion
and the Unicorn: A Critical Journal of Children's Literature Vol. 27,
No. 1 (January 2003): 27-56.
Ostry argues that the seemingly opposite genres, conduct books and fantasies,
in fact intersect when treating the topic of maturity. For example, Kingsley
in The Water-Babies uses the structure and themes of conduct books
when describing little Tom’s fantastical and magical physical growth even
though he denigrates this literary form. In particular, the cautionary, didactic
stories told to Tom owe much to the child raising techniques and attitudes
advocated in the conduct books.
The Water-Babies
;
Didacticism
.
Stang, Richard. The Theory of the Novel
in England 1850-1870 (New York: Columbia University Press, 1959).
Stang refers to Kingsley frequently in this work. For example, he mentions
George Meredith's criticism of Kingsley's excessive hortatory approach in
Two Years Ago, George Eliot's similar condemnation of his didacticism
and moralizing in Westward Ho!, the National Review's 1860 very
severe treatment of his general novelist style and art, Blackwood's
branding of Yeast as immoral. Stang also discusses Kingsley's belief that
the novel should include long explanatory passages in order to educate less
intelligent readers.
Novels
; Reception
of Kingsley's Works
; Didacticism
.
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