Change Over Time? A Study of Culture, Structure, Time and Change in Secondary Schooling The Spencer Foundation Funding Body: The Spencer Foundation ($542,000) Dates: 1998-2003 Principal Investigators: Andy Hargreaves and Ivor Goodson RO/GA: Shawn Moore, Sonia James-Wilson, Dean Fink, Corrie Giles Description: This large-scale project investigates the experiences and effects on teachers of educational change and reform over time, in eight varied Canadian and U.S. secondary schools. The project draws on more than 200 interviews with three cohorts of teachers and administrators who worked in the schools in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, as well as on observational and archival data. In particular, the project examines the factors which affect the sustainability or nonsustainability of educational changes over time, as well as the historical factors that influences the impact on schools today of current policies of standards-based reform. The findings of the project are available in a special issue of Educational Administrative QuarterlyTeaching In The Knowledge Society which was devoted to the project. Return to Research Projects