TH 893-01   Contemporary Theories of Justice

Boston College

Spring, 2008, Wednesday, 10--11:50 a.m.

David Hollenbach, S.J.

Office: 21 Campanella Way, Room 318.            

Office hours: Wednesday and Thursday, 4:00-5:00 p.m., and by appointment

Phone: 617-552-8855             

E-mail: hollenb@bc.edu  Webpage:  http://www2.bc.edu/~hollenb

            Since the publication of John Rawls' A Theory of Justice in 1971, the fundamental moral norm of justice has been extensively discussed and analyzed by moral, political and social philosophers in the English-speaking world.  This seminar will study several major representative approaches to the meaning of justice in this recent discussion. The seminar will also explore contributions these approaches can make to Christian social ethics, as well as contributions Christian ethical thought can make to the current philosophical and political-theory debates.

            The course presumes a fairly advanced background in theological and philosophical ethics.  The course is intended primarily for doctoral students.  Others with appropriate background may participate with the consent of the instructor.  Students with less background or with an interest primarily in applied social ethics will not find this course suitable for them.

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Syllabus

Books marked * are available in the Boston College bookstore and on reserve in O’Neill Library.  Others are available are available in online reserve with the BC Library.   To obtain these readings go to the BC Libraries homepage (http://www.bc.edu/libraries/) Then, under “Find Library Materials”,  click on “Course Reserves,” and enter Name of Course ("Humanitarian Crises and Refugees") or Name of Instructor ("Hollenbach"), Title of Reading, or Author. You will need a BC user name and password to access these readings.  Cross registrants can arrange this through the Office of Student Services in Lyons Hall.   Other readings are available online as indicated in the syllabus, with links provided on the electronic syllabus. You will need a BC user name and password to access these readings.  Cross registrants can arrange this through the Office of Student Services in Lyons Hall.   Other readings are available online as indicated in the syllabus, with links provided on the electronic syllabus. Most whole books on the syllabus are also available on reserve in hard copy in O'Neill Library.

­­­1/16     Introduction to the course.

1/23     A Jewish political theorist's retrieval of the bible on justice

Reading:   


*Michael Walzer, Exodus and Revolution.

Supplementary:

Edward Said, "Michael Walzer's 'Exodus and Revolution': A Canaanite Reading,"
Grand Street 5, no. (1986), 86-106; and Walzer and Said, "An Exchange: 'Exodus
and Revolution,'" Grand Street 5, no. 4 (1986), 246-59. Online reserve. 

Walzer, Interpretation and Social Criticism

Walzer, "A Particularism of My Own," Religious Studies Review 16:1 (1990), 193-97.

Walzer, Thick and Thin: Moral Argument at Home and Abroad.

Moshe Weinfeld, Social Justice in Ancient Israel and in the Ancient Near East.

Norbert Lohfink, Option for the Poor: The Basic Principle of Liberation Theology in

            Light of the Bible.

John R. Donahue, S.J., “What Does the Lord Require? A Bibliographical Essay on the

Bible and Social Justice,” Studies in the Spirituality of Jesuits 25/2 (March, 1993), pp. 1-75. This issue of Studies is a valuable resource for further study on the use of the bible in social ethics, social ministry, and in the formation of a socially conscious spirituality.

1/30     Christian love and justice: an analysis of their relationship

            *Gene Outka, Agape: An Ethical Analysis (Yale University Press),     chaps. 1, 3 and 8.

            Supplementary background reading on approaches to justice in recent theological ethics:

            Paul Ramsey, Basic Christian Ethics, chaps. 7 and 9.

            Gerard Gilleman, The Primacy of Charity in Moral Theology, pp. 330-341.

            Reinhold Niebuhr, An Interpretation of Christian Ethics, chap. 4.

            Reinhold Niebuhr, the Nature and Destiny of Man, Vol. II, chap. IX.

            Paul Tillich, Love, Power, and Justice

            John Haughey, ed., The Faith that Does Justice

Karen Lebacqz, Six Theories of Justice: Perspectives from Philosophical and Theological

            Ethics.

            Jon Sobrino, The True Church and the Poor, esp. chap. 2, "The Promotion of Justice as

                        an Essential Requirement of the Gospel Message," pp. 39-63.

            David Hollenbach, Justice, Peace, and Human Rights, chaps. 2-7.

Friday, Feb. 1, 12:30—2:30 pm Center for Human Rights and International Justice

lunch conversation, with Peter Uvin, Academic Dean of the Fletcher School of Diplomacy, Tufts University.  Uvin is author of two books relevant to our concerns:  Human Rights and Development, which argues for a rights-based approach to economic development, and Aiding Violence: The Development Enterprise in Rwanda, winner of the 1999 Herskovits Award by the African Studies Association, which discusses the structural basis upon which the genocidal edifice was built in Rwanda and how aid agencies reinforced this structure.  If you will attend this lunch please notify Jane Vecchi (jane.vecchi.1@bc.edu ).

2/6       From covenant to social contract--Locke and liberalism

*John Locke, Second Treatise of Civil Government, ed. C. B. Macpherson, (Hackett).

Supplementary:

John Locke, A Letter Concerning Toleration.

Wednesday, February 13, 7:30 pm, McGuinn 121, center for human rights and international justice event.  Thomas g. weiss speaks on Human Rights and a New U.N.: Academics, Practitioners, and NGOs.

                       

                        Weiss is Presidential Professor of Political Science at the CUNY Graduate Center and Director of the Ralph Bunche Institute for International Studies, where he is co-director of the United Nations Intellectual History Intellectual History Project.  He was awarded the “Grand Prix Humanitaire de France 2006” and is chair of the Academic Council on the UN System (ACUNS). He was editor of Global Governance  (2000-5) and research director of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty (2000-2).

2/13  Kant, freedom, and the autonomous self

*Immanuel Kant, Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals, trans. James W. Ellington (Hackett).

2/20     John Rawls I: Rethinking liberalism--justice as fairness

            *John Rawls, A Theory of Justice (Harvard University Press),

                                    §§ 1-4, 8, 11-17 (pp. 3-22, 40-45, 60-108).

2/27     Rawls II: Justifying and institutionalizing justice as fairness

            *Rawls, A Theory of Justice, §§ 20-30, 33-35, 39-40, 42-44

                                    (pp. 118-192,  205-221, 243-257, 265-293).

3/5                   No class--spring break

3/12     Michael Walzer I: Complex equality in multiple communities

            *Michael Walzer, Spheres of Justice: A Defense of Pluralism and                             Equality, preface and chaps. 1-5.

3/19     Walzer II: Justice in diverse forms of relationship

            *Walzer, Spheres of Justice, chaps. 6-13.

            Supplementary:

            Walzer, Politics and Passion: Toward a More Egalitarian Liberalism

Journal of Religious Ethics 22:2 (Fall, 1994), Focus section on Walzer, with articles by

            Tyler Roberts, Elizabeth Bounds, Glenn Stassen, and Walzer, pp. 331-405.

3/26     Justice, human rights and natural law--a retrieval of Thomas Aquinas.

            *Jacques Maritain, Man and the State, chaps. 1-4, 6              

4/2       Justice in Interpersonal Relationships

            *Margaret A. Farley, Just Love: A Framework for Christian Sexual Ethics, selections.

4/9       Justice and Development

*Amartya Sen, Development as Freedom, Introduction and chaps. 1-7, 12.

Supplementary:

Martha Nussbaum, Women and Human Development.


           Sen, Inequality Reexamined.

4/16     A Christian response to justice in the U.S. economy

National Conference of Catholic Bishops, Economic Justice for All: A Pastoral Letter on Catholic Social Teaching and the U.S. Economy, and “A Decade after ‘Economic Justice for All.’”  Both documents are available in the Tenth Anniversary edition of the Pastoral Letter. Economic Justice for All is in O’Brien and Shannon, Catholic Social Teaching: The Documentary Heritage.  Also available on the website of the Archdiocese of St. Paul and Minneapolis, Office of Social Justice, at:  http://www.osjspm.org/economic_justice_for_all.aspx

4/23     Presentation of student papers

4/30     Presentation of student papers

Tues, 5/6,  9-11 am, or Wed. 5/7, 10-11:50 am.  Presentation of student papers.  Since this class has no final exam, the final exam period will be used for the presentation of the final set of student papers.  Or if all prefer, the regular class time on May 7 will be used for this purpose.   

Requirements:

1.  Participation in all class discussions and completion of assigned readings in advance of class.

2.  Working in teams of two, students will introduce the class discussion several times during the semester (the number of times depending on course enrollment).  Working together, they will prepare a one page hand-out, with copies to be distributed to all participants at the beginning of the class as a basis for discussion.  This hand-out should contain:

(a) The three or four major theses of the readings for the day, stated in complete sentences.  A thesis is not a list or summary of various points to be considered.  It is a brief, simple, and direct statement of the position being affirmed by the author of the material read.  At the beginning of class the students in the team for the day will be asked to state their theses, explain them, and briefly present the author's argument for them.   This presentation of the theses should take no more than 15 minutes.  The goal is to initiate class discussion that will determine and clarify the main argument of the assigned readings.

(b) One or two central questions the class should address in order to assess the significance and truth of the readings.  These questions should concern central issues that must be addressed by the class to evaluate the author's position.  The question or questions will be dealt with in the later part of the class discussion.

3.  A final term paper, 20 pages double-spaced, on an aspect of the material covered in the course.  Ordinarily the paper should deal the course material in some depth, focusing on one of the authors considered, a problem treated by one or several of the authors assigned, or on a question to which the authors studied can make direct contributions.  Only by way of exception will approval be given for a paper dealing with author(s) or question(s) not dealt with in the course materials or closely related to the course materials.

Schedule for development of the paper:

Students should meet with the instructor to discuss the topic of the paper before March 1

By, March 15 students should submit a written proposal for the paper, including proposed versions of the title of the paper, of the problem or question to be addressed, of the thesis that will be argued, and a preliminary bibliography that will be studied.  The problem/question to be addressed should be clearly stated in whole sentences. A preliminary outline (again in whole sentences) should be included.  At the time the proposal is submitted, the student will make an appointment to discuss the proposal with the instructor.  This proposal should be at most two pages in length, double spaced.

It is the student's responsibility to make the appointments for the two meetings mentioned above. 

Draft papers will be presented to the class in the final sessions of the seminar.  The draft paper will be distributed electronically to seminar participants by NOON on the Monday before the presentation will be made. 

The paper is due on Friday, May 9.  Students who need final grades submitted by a specified date in order to graduate should make arrangements for the date the paper will be submitted at the meeting where the proposal is discussed.

4. Academic Integrity.

Boston College values the academic integrity of its students and faculty. It is your responsibility to familiarize yourself with the university’s policy on academic integrity: http://www.bc.edu/integrity . If you have any questions, always consult your professor.

Violations of academic integrity will be reported to your class dean and judged by the academic integrity committee in your school. If you are found responsible for violating the policy, penalties may include a failing grade as well as possible probation, suspension, or expulsion, depending on the seriousness and circumstances of the violation.