Charles Kingsley: The 20th Century Critical Heritage




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Japan
Abe, Ikuo. “Muscular Christianity in Japan: The Growth of a Hybrid.” International Journal of the History of Sport 23, no. 5 (August 2006): 714-738. 
The author examines the role that the notion of muscular Christianity played in developing attitudes towards sports and modernity in Japan during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Using Japanese translations of the works of Thomas Hughes and Kingsley as an index of the extent that muscular Christian ideas penetrated into Japan, Abe reveals that both Hughes and Kingsley had an unexpected influence. 
Muscular Christianity; Japan.