Barker, Charles. "Erotic Martyrdom: Kingsley's Sexuality beyond Sex," Victorian Studies Vol. 44, No. 3 (Spring 2002): 465-488.
Charles Barker examines Kingsley’s great personal interest in sex and sexuality as well as the treatment of these topics in his writings. He stresses that Kingsley sanctified sex and that he fervently believed that temporal sex without the promise of its continuation in afterlife was anathema. Barker also rejects the theory that Kingsley’s bitter denunciation of Catholicism and what he held was Catholics’ confusion over many sexual matters signified a nascent homophobia. Rather, Kingsley excoriated the celibacy valorized by Newman as a vilification of flesh-and-blood marriage which Kingsley considered was a true path to God.
Sexuality; Catholicism ; Newman
 

Downes, David Anthony.  “Reverend Charles Kingsley: Prophet of Convulsion,” in The Temper of Victorian Belief: Studies in the Religious Novels of Pater, Kingsley, and Newman (New York: Twayne, 1972): 48-81.
Downes examines Kingsley’s style, which he terms “plain prophecy”, and his religious views.  He also discusses differences in style and temper between Kingsley and Newman, arguing that time has effected a “monumental irony on historical and critical judgment”.  He considers Newman to be a “medieval personalist” whereas Kingsley is a “prophetical modernist” (81).  Hypatia, argues Downes from his lengthy treatment of the novel, “represents Kingsley’s search for a way of expressing how religious faith in Christianity happens, and what it means in the most concrete personalist terms his imagination would conjure.  However philosophically vague, there is an attempt at a kind of phenomenology of faith, what Newman called ‘a grammar of assent.’  The tenability of Christianity as believable by people encountering their worlds on the most basic human levels is what Kingsley was striving to examine” (79). 
Religion ; Newman ; Hypatia; History .
 

Fasick, Laura. “The Seduction of Celibacy: Threats to Male Sexual Identity in Charles Kingsley’s Writings,” in Jay Losey and William D. Brewer (eds.) Mapping Male Sexuality: Nineteenth Century England ( Madison, N.J.: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2000): 215-232.
Fasick considers the long English tradition that strong sexual interest in females is injurious to true manliness. However, she argues that a strong basis for Kingsley’s anti-Catholic writings and his altercation with Newman was his conviction that Roman Catholic celibacy rather than sexual indulgence was frequently a source for effeminacy. Kingsley, an ardent advocate of marriage, was convinced that sexual abstinence took away from man’s masculinity as well as posed both physical and spiritual dangers. For Kingsley celibacy was all too often an act of self indulgence rather than one of self denial.
Manliness; Sexuality ; Celibacy ;  Newman ; Catholicism
 

Hawley, John C., S.J. “Newman the Novelist,” America Vol. 163, No. 18 (Dec 8, 1990): 455-457.
Hawley contrasts the opinions of Kingsley and Newman on marriage, sexuality, and celibacy especially as these are presented in their literary works. "In Loss and Gain and Callista Newman enshrined celibacy as a prophetic witness to the spiritual life.  Kingsley countered in his seven novels with his enshrinement of marriage as the highest Christian vocation, and coupled his praise with portrayals of celibate men and women who were fearful, untrustworthy and effeminate" (457).
Newman ; Hypatia ; Saint's Tragedy, The ; Sexuality ; Celibacy .
 

Houghton, Walter E.  “The Issue Between Kingsley and Newman,” Theology Today Vol. IV (April 1947): 81-101.
Houghton argues that the fundamental disagreement between Kingsley and Newman was the elemental dichotomy between Protestant Liberalism and Christian Orthodoxy. Though in many respects a conservative and a public enemy of those espousing the liberal cause, in religion Kingsley followed the liberalism of the likes of Maurice and Carlyle.  While we read such thinkers to understand liberal ideology, argues Houghton, we study Kingsley to comprehend Protestant Liberalism in its actual practice. 
Catholicism ; Newman Controversy ; Newman, John Henry ; Religion ; Protestant Liberalism .
 

Litvack, Leon B.  “Callista, Martyrdom, and the Early Christian Novel in the Victorian Age,” Nineteenth-Century Contexts Vol. 17, No. 2 (1993): 159-173.
A primary goal of Hypatia, or, New Foes with an Old Face, according to Litvack, was to question deeply held Roman Catholic principles and views of history of such as Newman and Wiseman, authors themselves of martyrological historical novels Callista (1855) and Fabiola (1854) respectively.  Kingsley throughout Hypatia, written in the early days of his growing antagonism to Newman, disparages aspects of the Patristic age and especially the 5th century when Christianity was the state religion.  By depicting the 5th century Church as corrupt and tyrannical, Kingsley was attacking the contemporary English Roman Catholic Church which was rapidly growing in influence.  “Kingsley enjoins his readers to look to themselves for justification – not to the past, in which he finds little support for his faith” (165). 
Hypatia; Catholicism ; Newman ; History .
 

Morris, Kevin L. “John Bull and the Scarlet Woman: Charles Kingsley and Anti-Catholicism in Victorian Literature,” Recusant History Vol. 23, No. 2 (October 1996): 190-218.
Morris provides a thorough analysis of Kingsley's often virulent anti-Catholicism, discussing it in the context of other widespread contemporary anti-Catholic writings and sentiments held by many of the age's prominent intellectuals and writers. Morris also considers Newman's critique of anti-Catholic "Kingsleyism" especially as expressed in his Lectures on the Present Position of Catholics in England. 
Catholicism ; Newman .